Radiation therapy is a mainstay treatment for cancer. Magnetic Resonance Imaging has been recently integrated into the treatment room, providing for the first time the advantages of real-time soft tissue imaging and concurrent radiation treatments. Benefits of MR-Guided Radiation Therapy (MRgRT) include superior soft tissue imaging, the ability to track tumors and gate treatment delivery, and the opportunity to adapt for inter- and intra-fraction anatomical variations. MRgRT also offers the potential for providing sophisticated biomarker guided treatments. As clinical adoption of MRgRT expands, there is a need to develop work flows and quality assurance techniques, innovate imaging science, and assess clinical outcome benefits. This course will update the status of MRgRT, examine clinical treatment scenarios, provide strategies to overcome implementation challenges, and review current research programs designed to explore the benefits of MRgRT.